* Section 21: Fencing of machinery - This section mandates the fencing of dangerous parts of machinery to prevent accidents.
* It requires the fencing of every moving part of a prime mover and every part of transmission machinery.
* It also covers other dangerous parts of machinery, specifying that they must be securely fenced.
* It includes provisions for examination and lubrication of machinery, specifying under what conditions these actions can be carried out.
* Section 22: Work on or near machinery in motion - This section regulates the conditions under which workers can work on or near moving machinery.
* It restricts the circumstances under which a worker can clean, lubricate, or adjust parts of machinery while it is in motion.
* It emphasizes the importance of trained adult workers performing such tasks.
* It also specifies clothing requirements to prevent accidents.
* Section 23: Employment of young persons on dangerous machines - This section prohibits the employment of young persons on certain types of dangerous machinery unless they have received sufficient training, are working under supervision, or are fully instructed about the dangers involved and the precautions to be taken.
Here are the next 5 sections from the Factories Act of 1948, with explanations and subpoints:
* Section 23: Employment of young persons on dangerous machines - This section restricts the employment of young persons on dangerous machines.
* It prohibits young persons from working on any dangerous machine unless they have received sufficient training.
* It also requires young persons to work under adequate supervision.
* Young persons must also be fully instructed about the dangers involved in the machine and the precautions to be taken.
* Section 24: Striking gear and devices for cutting off power - This section mandates mechanisms to cut off power to machinery.
* It requires suitable striking gear or other devices to cut off power from machinery.
* It also requires suitable devices for cutting off power in emergencies.
* Section 25: Self-acting machines - This section focuses on the safety around self-acting machines.
* It specifies that no traversing part of a self-acting machine and no material carried thereon shall be allowed to run within a certain distance of any place where a person is liable to pass.
* Section 26: Casing of new machinery - This section deals with the safety features of new machinery.
* It mandates that in all machinery driven by power, every set screw, bolt, or key on any revolving shaft, spindle, wheel, or pinion shall be sunk, encased, or otherwise effectively guarded to prevent danger.
* Section 27: Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton-openers - This section prohibits the employment of women and children near cotton openers.
* It states that no woman or child shall be employed in any part of a factory for pressing cotton in which a cotton-opener is at work.
Okay, let's continue with the next sections of the Factories Act of 1948 related to safety:
* Section 28: Hoists and lifts - This section ensures the safety of hoists and lifts in factories.
* It mandates that hoists and lifts be of good mechanical construction, sound material, and adequate strength.
* It requires that they are properly maintained and inspected periodically.
* It also specifies safety features such as enclosures, gates, and safety catches.
* Section 29: Lifting machines, chains, ropes, and lifting tackles - This section deals with the safety of lifting equipment.
* It extends safety requirements to cranes, lifting machines, chains, ropes, and lifting tackles.
* It mandates that this equipment is of good construction, sound material, adequate strength, and free from defects.
* It also requires periodic testing and examination of this equipment.
* Section 30: Revolving machinery - This section focuses on the safety of workers near revolving machinery.
* It requires that precautions be taken to prevent workers from being injured by revolving machinery.
* Section 31: Pressure plant - This section sets safety standards for pressure plants.
* It mandates that pressure plants operate safely.
* It requires that they are designed, constructed, examined, and operated in accordance with rules prescribed by the State Government.
* Section 32: Floors, stairs, and means of access - This section ensures safe passage within the factory.
* It requires that floors, stairs, passages, and gangways are of sound construction and properly maintained.
* It also mandates that they are kept free from obstructions and substances likely to cause persons to slip.
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